1、 I 摘 要 作为一种防止超压的安全装置,安全阀在超压介质的作用下迅速开启和及时排放是最重要的性能指标之一。从安全阀的动力学得知全启式安全阀的反冲盘产生的反冲效应对于安全阀的快速开启起着重要的作用,安全阀不需要很大的压力就借助于反冲效应使得开启力成倍增加,因而反冲效应的研究至关重要。但是到目前为止,很少有公开发表的文献探讨和研究这个问题。本文从理论和实验两方面来定量分析反冲效应。理论部分:1)首先利用 Pro/E 软件建立三维非对称模型,基于动网格和流固耦合技术,通过数值模拟分析软件 CFX 对安全阀超压泄放过程进行了动态模拟,并结合反冲效应的物理意义,克服目前反冲效应研究的局限性,利用区域分
2、解法,实现了对反冲效应的定量计算。并与二维对称模型结果进行对比。2)通过改变影响反冲效应的相关结构参数,探讨反冲效应与关键结构参数之间的关系。实验部分:1)结合安全阀在线检测系统,得到上下阀瓣的压力检测曲线,再通过反冲效应的物理意义得到了全开启过程的反冲力曲线,并与模拟结果进行对比;2)通过改变反冲盘结构,在反冲盘下边缘上设置检测点,得到了开启过程中检测点的压力变化曲线,并与模拟结果相应点的压力进行对比,验证了方法的合理性。通过实验和模拟计算实现了对安全阀反冲效应的定量计算,同时得到了反冲力与关键结构参数之间的关系,可通过改变它们来控制反冲效应的大小,对安全阀性能分析具有重要的意义。关键词:安
3、全阀;反冲效应;反冲盘;传感器 II Abstract The function of safety valve as safety devices is to prevent the inner pressure from rising to more than allowable pressure,one of the most important performance indexes is to lift quickly and discharge in time under the action of overpressure media.According to dynamics
4、of safety valve,we can conclude that recoil effect of recoil dish plays a significant role in discs opening,which makes the open force multiplied with no need for great pressure of disc.Therefore,the research on recoil effect of the safety valve is very important.But so far,there have been few publi
5、shed literature review to research this subject.This paper adopts the combination of theoretical and experiment method to analysis and calculate the recoil effect.Theory section:1)first,based on the technology of the moving grid and fluid-structure interaction,Pro/E software is used to establish a t
6、hree-dimensional asymmetric model,and through numerical simulation analysis software CFX,the dynamic simulation is done for safety valve overpressure relief process.Besides,combined with the physical significance of the recoil effect,and overcame the limitations of the recoil effect,realized the quantitative calculation of the recoil effect using the domain decomposition method.And two-dimensional symmetric model results are compared also.2)By changing the relative structural parameters of safet